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Picture Exchange Communication System
The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a form of augmentative and alternative communication produced by Pyramid Educational Consultants, Inc.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Welcome to Pyramid Educational Consultants, Inc.! )〕 While the system is commonly used as a communication aid for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it has been used with a wide variety of learners, from preschoolers to adults, who have various communicative, cognitive, and physical impairments, including cerebral palsy, blindness, and deafness.〔Overcash, A., & Horton, C. (2010). The picture exchange communication system: Helping individuals gain functional communication. Autism Advocate, 3, 21-24〕 PECS has been the subject of much academic research,〔(PECS Related Publications )〕 with currently over 85 PECS-related publications.〔
PECS was developed in 1985 at the Delaware Autism Program by Lori Frost and Andy Bondy.〔 They noted that traditional communication techniques, including speech imitation, sign language, and picture point systems, relied on the teacher to initiate social interactions and none focused on teaching students to initiate interactions. Based on these observations, Frost and Bondy created a functional means of communication for individuals with a variety of communication challenges.〔
==Overview==
PECS is designed to teach functional communication skills with an initial focus on spontaneous communication. It has been and continues to be implemented in a variety of settings and contexts (home, school, community) so users have the skills to communicate their wants and needs. PECS does not require complex or expensive materials since it uses picture symbols as the modality. PECS is a method to teach young children or any individual with a communication impairment a way to communicate within a social context. Research has shown that many preschoolers using PECS also begin developing speech.〔Bondy AS, Frost LA (1994). The Picture Exchange Communication System. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1-19 (1994)〕 Based on the current evidence base, PECS has been described as an emerging treatment shown to increase communication skills for individuals with ASD.〔National Autism Center. (2009). National Standards Report, 1-161.〕
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